Chrome (Cr)
Propriétés générales
| Symbole | Cr |
|---|---|
| Numéro atomique | 24 |
| Masse atomique | 51.9961 |
| Groupe |
6 (Famille du chrome)
VIA (IUPAC), VIB (CAS)
Solid, Antiferromagnetic, Conductor, Transition Metal, Metal, Stable, Natural
|
| Période | 4 |
| Bloc | d |
Propriétés physiques
| Densité | 7.19 g/cm3 |
|---|---|
| Volume atomique | 7.23 cm3/mole |
| Rayon atomique | 1.3 angstroms |
| Rayon de covalence | 127 pm |
| Crust Abundance | 0.014% |
| Crystal Structure | Cubic: Body centered |
| Color | Silver |
États
| Point de fusion | 1857.0 °C |
|---|---|
| Point d’ébullition | 2672.0 °C |
| Neel Point | 393.K |
| Chaleur de fusion | 20.0 kJ/mol |
| Chaleur de vaporisation | 339.5 kJ/mol |
Énergie
| Électronégativité | 1.7 (Échelle de Pauling) |
|---|---|
| Affinité électronique | 64.3 kJ/mol |
| Énergie de première | 653 kJ/mol |
| 2e Ionization Energy | 1590.6 kJ/mol |
| 3e Ionization Energy | 2987 kJ/mol |
| 4e Ionization Energy | 4743 kJ/mol |
| 5e Ionization Energy | 6702 kJ/mol |
| 6e Ionization Energy | 8744.9 kJ/mol |
| 7e Ionization Energy | 15455 kJ/mol |
| 8e Ionization Energy | 17820 kJ/mol |
| 9e Ionization Energy | 20190 kJ/mol |
| 10e Ionization Energy | 23580 kJ/mol |
| 11e Ionization Energy | 26130 kJ/mol |
| 12e Ionization Energy | 28750 kJ/mol |
| 13e Ionization Energy | 34230 kJ/mol |
| 14e Ionization Energy | 37066 kJ/mol |
| 15e Ionization Energy | 97510 kJ/mol |
| 16e Ionization Energy | 105800 kJ/mol |
| 17e Ionization Energy | 114300 kJ/mol |
| 18e Ionization Energy | 125300 kJ/mol |
| 19e Ionization Energy | 134700 kJ/mol |
| 20e Ionization Energy | 144300 kJ/mol |
| 21e Ionization Energy | 157700 kJ/mol |
| 22e Ionization Energy | 166090 kJ/mol |
| 23e Ionization Energy | 721870 kJ/mol |
| 24e Ionization Energy | 761733 kJ/mol |
| Capacité thermique | 0.449 J g−1 K−1 |
| Conductivité thermique | 93.7 W·m−1·K−1 |
Électrons et Oxydation
| États d’oxydation | +3,2,6 |
|---|---|
| Électrons par couche | 2 8 13 1 |
| Configuration électronique | [Ar] 3d5 4s1 |
| 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1 | |
|
Diagrammes d’orbitales
1s ↿⇂ 2s ↿⇂ 2p ↿⇂ ↿⇂ ↿⇂ 3s ↿⇂ 3p ↿⇂ ↿⇂ ↿⇂ 3d ↿ ↿ ↿ ↿ ↿ 4s ↿ 4p 4d 4f |
|
Nuclear
| Radioactif | Non |
|---|
Média
- Description
- Very hard, crystalline, steel-gray metal. The pure metal has a blue-white color. It is hard, brittle and corrsion-resistant at normal temperatures.
- Uses
- Used to make stainless steel. It gives the color to rubies and emeralds. Iron-nickel-chromium alloys in various percentages yield an incredible variety of the most important metals in modern technology.
- Sources
- Chromite [Fe,Mg(CrO4)] is its most important mineral. Produced commercially by heating its ore in the presence of silicon or aluminium.
- Pronounciation (English)
- KROH-mi-em
Traductions
| Afrikaans | Chroom | |
| Aragonese | Cromo | |
| العربية | كروم | |
| Armãneashte | Cromu | |
| asturianu | Cromu | |
| azərbaycan | Xrom | |
| български | Хром | |
| বাংলা | ক্রোমিয়াম | |
| brezhoneg | Krom | |
| bosanski | Hrom | |
| Byelorussian | Хром | |
| Cebuano | Cromo | |
| čeština | Chrom | |
| Chuvash | Хром | |
| Cymraeg | Crom | |
| dansk | Chrom, Krom | |
| Deutsch | Chrom | |
| Ελληνικά | Χρωμιο | |
| English | Chromium | |
| esperanto | Kromo | |
| español | Cromo | |
| eesti | Kroom | |
| euskara | Kromoa | |
| فارسی | کروم | |
| suomi | Kromi | |
| føroyskt | Krom | |
| français | Chrome | |
| furlan | Crom | |
| Frysk | Groom | |
| Gaeilge | Cróimiam | |
| Gàidhlig | Cròimiam | |
| galego | Cromo | |
| ગુજરાતી | ક્રોમિયમનો | |
| Gaelg | Cromium | |
| Hakka Chinese | Kok (鉻) | |
| עברית | כרום | |
| हिन्दी | क्रोमियम | |
| hrvatski | Krom | |
| magyar | Króm | |
| հայերեն | Քրոմ | |
| Indonesia | Krom | |
| íslenska | Króm | |
| italiano | Cromo | |
| 日本語 | クロム | |
| ქართული | ქრომი | |
| کٲشُر | Chróm | |
| қазақ тілі | Хром | |
| 한국어 | 크롬, 2크로뮴 | |
| kurdî | Krom | |
| Komi | Хром | |
| kernewek | Cromyum | |
| кыргызча | Хром | |
| Latin | Chromium | |
| Lëtzebuergesch | Chrom | |
| Lombard | Cròom | |
| lingála | Kolomo | |
| lietuvių | Chromas | |
| latviešu | Hroms | |
| Mari | Хром | |
| Māori | Konukita | |
| македонски | Хром | |
| മലയാളം | ക്രോമിയം | |
| монгол | Хром | |
| Мокшан | Крома | |
| Melayu | Kromium, ²Krom | |
| Malti | Kromjum, ²Kromu | |
| Nahuatl | Tlapāltepoztli | |
| Nederlands | Chroom | |
| norsk | Krom | |
| Occitan | Crom | |
| ирон | Хром | |
| polski | Chrom | |
| português | Crómo | |
| Runasimi | Krumu | |
| română | Crom | |
| русский | Хром | |
| slovenčina | Chróm | |
| slovenščina | Krom | |
| Samoan | Kromimi | |
| Samogitian | Chruoms | |
| shqip | Krom | |
| српски | Хром | |
| Southern Sotho | Kheromiamo | |
| svenska | Krom | |
| Kiswahili | Kromi | |
| தமிழ் | குரோமியம் | |
| тоҷикӣ | Хром | |
| ไทย | โครเมียม | |
| Türkçe | Krom | |
| ئۇيغۇرچە | خروم | |
| українська | Хром | |
| o‘zbek | Xrom | |
| Tiếng Việt | Crom | |
| Võro | Kruum | |
| 中文 | 鉻 |
Histoire
- Découvert en
- 1797
- Découvert par
- Louis-Nicholas Vauquelin
- Découvert à/au/dans
- France
- Étymologie
- From the Greek word "chroma" meaning "colour", named for the many coloured compounds known for chromium.