Béryllium (Be)
Propriétés générales
| Symbole | Be |
|---|---|
| Numéro atomique | 4 |
| Masse atomique | 9.012182 |
| Groupe |
2 (Métaux alcalino-terreux ou famille du béryllium)
IIA (IUPAC), IIA (CAS)
Solid, Diamagnetic, Conductor, Alkaline Earth Metal, Metal, Stable, Natural
|
| Période | 2 |
| Bloc | s |
Propriétés physiques
| Densité | 1.85 g/cm3 |
|---|---|
| Volume atomique | 5.0 cm3/mole |
| Rayon atomique | 1.12 angstroms |
| Rayon de covalence | 90 pm |
| Crust Abundance | 0.00019% |
| Crystal Structure | Hexagonal |
| Color | Slate Gray |
États
| Point de fusion | 1278.0 °C |
|---|---|
| Point d’ébullition | 2970.0 °C |
| Chaleur de fusion | 11.71 kJ/mol |
| Chaleur de vaporisation | 297.0 kJ/mol |
Énergie
| Électronégativité | 1.6 (Échelle de Pauling) |
|---|---|
| Affinité électronique | 0 kJ/mol |
| Énergie de première | 899 kJ/mol |
| 2e Ionization Energy | 1757.1 kJ/mol |
| 3e Ionization Energy | 14848.7 kJ/mol |
| 4e Ionization Energy | 21006.6 kJ/mol |
| Capacité thermique | 1.825 J g−1 K−1 |
| Conductivité thermique | 200.0 W·m−1·K−1 |
Électrons et Oxydation
| États d’oxydation | 2 |
|---|---|
| Électrons par couche | 2 2 |
| Configuration électronique | [He] 2s2 |
| 1s2 2s2 | |
|
Diagrammes d’orbitales
1s ↿⇂ 2s ↿⇂ 2p |
|
Nuclear
| Radioactif | Non |
|---|
Média
- Description
- Hard, brittle, steel-gray metal. Lightest rigid metal. Formerly called glucinium (Gl) for its sweet but deadly taste.
- Uses
- Its ability to absorb large amounts of heat makes it useful in spacecraft, missiles, aircraft, etc. Emeralds are beryl crystals with chromium traces giving them their green color.
- Sources
- Found mostly in minerals like beryl [AlBe3(Si6O18)] and chrysoberyl (Al2BeO4). Pure beryllium is obtained by chemically reducing beryl mineral. Also by electrolysis of beryllium chloride.
- Pronounciation (English)
- beh-RIL-i-em
Traductions
| Afrikaans | Berillium | |
| Aragonese | Berilio | |
| العربية | بيريليوم | |
| Armãneashte | Beriliumu | |
| asturianu | Beriliu | |
| azərbaycan | Berillium | |
| български | Берилий | |
| বাংলা | বেরিলিয়াম | |
| brezhoneg | Beriliom | |
| bosanski | Berilij[um] | |
| Byelorussian | Берылій | |
| Cebuano | Berilio | |
| čeština | Beryllium | |
| Chuvash | Берилли | |
| Cymraeg | Berilli | |
| dansk | Beryllium | |
| Deutsch | Beryllium | |
| Ελληνικά | Βηρυλλιο | |
| English | Beryllium | |
| esperanto | Berilio | |
| español | Berílio | |
| eesti | Berüllium | |
| euskara | Berilioa | |
| فارسی | بریلیوم | |
| suomi | Beryllium | |
| føroyskt | Beryllium | |
| français | Béryllium | |
| furlan | Berili | |
| Frysk | Beryllium | |
| Gaeilge | Beirilliam | |
| Gàidhlig | Beirilliam | |
| galego | Berilio | |
| ગુજરાતી | બૅરીલીયમનો | |
| Gaelg | Beryllium | |
| Hakka Chinese | Phì (鈹) | |
| עברית | בריליום | |
| हिन्दी | बेरिलियम | |
| hrvatski | Berilij | |
| magyar | Berillium | |
| հայերեն | Բերիլիում | |
| Indonesia | Berilium | |
| íslenska | Beryllín | |
| italiano | Berillio | |
| 日本語 | ベリリウム | |
| ქართული | ბერილიუმი | |
| کٲشُر | Beril | |
| қазақ тілі | Бериллий | |
| 한국어 | 베릴륨 | |
| kurdî | Berîlyûm | |
| Komi | Бериллий | |
| kernewek | Berylyum | |
| кыргызча | Бериллий | |
| Latin | Beryllium | |
| Lëtzebuergesch | Beryllium | |
| Lombard | Beríli | |
| lingála | Belilu | |
| lietuvių | Berilis | |
| latviešu | Berilijs | |
| Mari | Бериллий | |
| Māori | Konuuku | |
| македонски | Берилиум | |
| മലയാളം | ബെറിലിയം | |
| монгол | Берилли | |
| Мокшан | Берили | |
| Melayu | Berilium | |
| Malti | Beriljum, ²Berillju | |
| Nahuatl | Iztactlāltepoztli | |
| Nederlands | Beryllium | |
| norsk | Beryllium | |
| Occitan | Berilli | |
| ирон | Бериллий | |
| polski | Beryl | |
| português | Berílio | |
| Runasimi | Berilyu | |
| română | Beriliu | |
| русский | Бериллий | |
| slovenčina | Berýllium | |
| slovenščina | Berilij | |
| Samoan | Berilimi | |
| Samogitian | Berėlis | |
| shqip | Berilium | |
| српски | Берилијум | |
| Southern Sotho | Beriliamo | |
| svenska | Beryllium | |
| Kiswahili | Berili | |
| தமிழ் | பெரிலியம் | |
| тоҷикӣ | Бериллий | |
| ไทย | เบริลเลียม | |
| Türkçe | Berilyum | |
| ئۇيغۇرچە | بېرىللىي | |
| українська | Берилій | |
| o‘zbek | Berilliy | |
| Tiếng Việt | Berili | |
| Võro | Berüllium | |
| 中文 | 鈹 |
Histoire
- Découvert en
- 1797
- Découvert par
- Nicholas Louis Vauquelin
- Découvert à/au/dans
- France
- Étymologie
- From the Greek word "beryllos" meaning "beryl"